全面回顾被动语态的应用

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 被动语态由be 过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A new cinema is being built here.

4) was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5) had been done 过去完成时

例 By the end of last year another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6) was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)

例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词 be 过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词 宾语 宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have make get以及感官动词see watch notice hear feel observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词 介词”，“动词 副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

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3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v. ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.